Historical evolution and clinical application of classical prescription Yigongsan / 中国药房

Yigongsan， derived from QIAN Yi’s Key to Therapeutics of Children’s Diseases in the Song Dynasty， is a classic pediatric prescription that is included in the Catalogue of Ancient Classic Prescriptions （the Second Batch of Pediatrics） released by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine in 2022. This paper verifies and analyzes the historical origin， composition， dosage， processing， decoction method and efficacy of Yigongsan by systematically combing ancient books and modern documents. As a result， Yigongsan is composed of five herbs： Panax ginseng， Poria cocos， Atractylodes macrocephala， Citrus reticulata and Glycyrrhiza uralensis， of which P. cocos should be peeled， A. macrocephala is fried with soil， G. uralensis is roasted with honey while P. ginseng and C. reticulata are raw products. According to the dosage of ancient and modern times， each medicinal herb must be ground into fine powder， 1.6 g for each， added with 300 mL of water， 5 pieces of Zingiber officinale， and 2 Ziziphus jujuba， decocted together to 210 mL， and taken before meals. In ancient books， Yigongsan is used to treat vomiting， diarrhea， spleen and stomach deficiency， chest and abdominal distension， and lack of appetite， etc. Modern research showed that Yigongsan could also be used in the diseases of immune system， respiratory system， blood system， etc.， involving infantile anorexia， asthma， anemia， tumors and so on.

Clinical Application Analysis of Da Qinjiaotang Based on Ancient and Modern Literature / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Da Qinjiaotang is a common classical prescription for the treatment of stroke. It originates from Collection of Writings on the Mechanism of Disease， Suitability of Qi， and the Safeguarding of Life as Discussed in the Basic Questions （《素问病机气宜保命集》） by physician LIU Wansu， and is composed of Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， Chuanxiong Rhizoma， Angelicae Sinensis Radix， Paeoniae Radix Alba， Asari Radix et Rhizoma， Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix， Saposhnikoviae Radix， Scutellariae Radix， Gypsum Fibrosum， Angelicae Dahuricae Radix， Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma， Rehmanniae Radix， Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata， Poria， and Angelicae Pubescentis Radix. Doctors of all dynasties have disputed the composition principle of the prescription and argued whether its treatment of stroke belongs to the theory of "internal wind" or "external wind". Through collating and analyzing ancient and modern literature related to the indications of Da Qinjiaotang， this paper was dedicated to the origin of syndrome differentiation and treatment of Da Qinjiaotang. According to LIU Wansu's original works， Da Qinjiaotang is a prescription for the treatment of "internal wind"， and in the prescription， wind medicinal herbs such as Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix， Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix and Angelicae Pubescentis Radix removes stagnation， clears sweat pore， and makes qi and blood channels flow smoothly. However， later generations， affected by the idea of "external wind"， believe that this prescription is used for the treatment of "external wind". Ancient physicians gradually supplemented the symptoms of stroke， such as wry eye and mouth， hemibody pain and limb numbness， which were treated by Da Qinjiaotang， and Da Qinjiaotang was also applied to the treatment of other diseases， such as tendon dryness， convulsion and arthralgia. Modern doctors still explain the disease pathogenesis from the theory of "external wind" as deficiency in channels and collaterals and the entry of pathogenic wind， and the prescription has the effect of dispersing wind， clearing heat and nourishing and activating blood. In clinical practice， Da Qinjiaotang is mainly used to treat cerebrovascular diseases and peripheral facial paralysis in nervous system diseases， gouty arthritis and rheumatic arthritis in the rheumatic immune system and skin diseases. The above findings facilitate the research and development of Da Qinjiaotang.

Ancient Literature Analysis and Modern Clinical Application of Famous Classical Prescription Zhishi Xiebai Guizhi Tang / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Zhishi Xiebai Guizhi Tang， derived from Synopsis of the Golden Chamber （《金匮要略》， Han dynasty， ZHANG Zhongjing）， is a famous classical prescription commonly used for chest impediment. By means of bibliometrics， the authors collected 63 ancient Chinese medical books related to Zhishi Xiebai Guizhi Tang and screened 36 effective books for statistical analysis of the historical origin， composition， main indications， dosage， processing， decocting method and other aspects of the prescription. The findings revealed that Zhishi Xiebai Guizhi Tang was composed of five medicinal herbs， namely， Aurantii Fructus Immaturus， Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus， Cinnamomi Ramulus， Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex， and Trichosanthis Fructus， with the function of activating Yang， dissipating mass， dispelling phlegm and lowering Qi. The prescription was mainly used to treat chest impediment， chest fullness， chest pain， wheezing， coughing and shortness of breath caused by suppressed Yang Qi， stagnant heart Qi， stagnant phlegm and stasis， and phlegm evil blocking heart， chest or lungs. Additionally， it was found that there were 70 modern literature recording the clinical applications of Zhishi Xiebai Guizhi Tang， and the main system diseases treated were circulatory system （51， 72.85%）， endocrine system （4， 5.7%）， respiratory system （9， 12.85%） and digestive system （6， 8.57%）， of which circulatory system is dominated by coronary heart disease （chest impediment in traditional Chinese medicine）. The involved medical syndrome types mainly included internal obstruction of phlegm heat and turbidity， obstruction of phlegm turbidity and stasis， congealing cold， phlegm， stasis and Qi stagnation， chest Yang depression and combined phlegm and stasis. Ancient medical records and modern clinical application are the keys to ensure the safety and effectiveness of famous classical prescriptions and compound preparations. Therefore， this paper sorted and mined ancient medical books of Zhishi Xiebai Guizhi Tang and statistically analyzed its modern clinical application， aiming to provide a literature reference for the research and development of new drugs and clinical application of the prescription.

Analysis of Classical Prescription Baizhusan Based on Ancient Literature / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Baizhusan， derived from Key to Medicines and Patterns of Children's Diseases （《小儿药证直诀》） by QIAN Yi in Song dynasty， is a classical prescription that has been highly praised by doctors and widely used in clinical practice. It was included in the Catalogue of Ancient Classical Prescriptions （the second batch of Pediatrics） released by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） in 2022. In this paper， the ancient documents related to Baizhusan were collected by bibliographical research， and the source， composition， herb origin and processing， dosage， decocting method， administration method， functions and indications of the prescription were analyzed and verified. A total of 211 ancient documents on Baizhusan were obtained， involving 116 ancient TCM books. It was found that there were many prescriptions named Baizhusan in ancient times， but the prescription named Baizhusan and composed of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma， Poria， Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma， Pogostemonis Herba， Aucklandiae Radix， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， and Puerariae Lobatae Radix was first seen in Key to Medicines and Patterns of Children's Diseases， and is now generally known as Qiweibaizhusan. The composition and functions of Baizhusan were unified in past dynasties， and its herb origin and processing were basically clear. However， there was a dispute on the processing of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， which was solved by recommended use of soil-fried Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and raw Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. Boasting the functions of tonifying spleen， replenishing Qi， harmonizing stomach and promoting fluid production， Baizhusan treated a variety of symptoms such as diarrhea， consumptive thirst and loss of appetite， which were consistent in ancient and modern literature， but attention should be attached to the basic pathogenesis of spleen deficiency and fluid inadequacy. In addition， considerable disagreements were also observed about the dosage and decocting method of Baizhusan in the documents， and the combination ratio of Baizhusan in another version of Key to Medicines and Patterns of Children's Diseases of Wuyingdian Zhenben was the dominant standard for drug use in past dynasties.

Avoidance of Asari Radix et Rhizoma Toxicity in Classical Prescriptions Based on Ancient and Modern Literature / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveThrough the review of the literature about Asari Radix et Rhizoma， we extracted the key information affecting the toxicity of Asari Radix et Rhizoma， aiming to provide a basis for the rational application of Asari Radix et Rhizoma in the classical prescriptions. MethodThe bibliometric method was employed to analyze the ancient and modern literature and thus reveal the relationship of Asari Radix et Rhizoma toxicity with the medicinal plants， medicinal part， processing method， dosage form， prescription compatibility， medication method， and patients' physical factors. ResultThe dosage of Asari Radix et Rhizoma in Danggui Sinitang and Houpo Mahuangtang was 9 g and 6 g， respectively， and the decocting time should be longer than 120 min. The single dosage of Asari Radix et Rhizoma in Xinyisan， Sanbitang， Daqinjiao Tang， and Qingshang Juantongtang were 0.8， 1.2， 0.9， and 1.1 g， respectively. The rhizome of Asarum heterotropoides var. mandshuricum or A. sieboldii var. seou1ense should be selected for Danggui Sinitang， Houpo Mahuangtang， and Qingshang Juantongtang， while that of A. siebodii var. seou1ense should be selected for Xinyisan. In terms of processing， Asari Radix et Rhizoma can be processed with wine when being used in Danggui Sinitang， Houpo Mahuangtang， Sanbitang， and Daqinjiaotang， and it can be stir-fried when being used in Xinyisan and Qingshang Juantongtang. In addition， the toxicity of Asari Radix et Rhizoma is associated with the compatibility of drugs and the physical conditions of patients. ConclusionBy reviewing the literature on Asari Radix et Rhizoma toxicity， we obtained the key information affecting the toxicity of Asari Radix et Rhizoma and explored the effective ways to avoid the toxicity. This study provides a sufficient basis for the rational development and safe application of the classical prescriptions containing Asari Radix et Rhizoma.

Clinical application of Chaihu Jia Longgu Muli Decoction based on modern pathophysiology mechanism / 中国中药杂志

Chaihu Jia Longgu Muli Decoction was firstly recorded in Treatise on Cold Damage(ZHANG Zhong-jing, Eastern Han dynasty). According to this medical classic, it is originally used in the treatment of the Shaoyang and Yangming syndrome. Based on the modern pathophysiological mechanism, this study interpreted the classic provisions of Chaihu Jia Longgu Muli Decoction. Original records of "chest fullness" "annoyance" "shock" "difficult urination" "delirium" "heavy body and failing to turn over" all have profound pathophysiological basis, involving disorders in cardiovascular, respiratory, nervous, and mental systems. This formula is widely used, which can be applied to treat epilepsy, cerebral arteriosclerosis, cerebral infarction, and other cerebrovascular diseases, hypertension, arrhythmia, and other cardiovascular diseases, insomnia, constipation, anxiety, depression, cardiac neurosis and other acute and chronic diseases as well as diseases in psychosomatic medicine. The clinical indications include Bupleuri Radix-targeted syndrome such as fullness and discomfort in chest and hypochondrium, bitter taste mouth, dry throat, and dizziness, the insomnia, anxiety, depression, susceptibility to fright, upset, dreamfulness and other psychiatric symptoms, red tongue, thick and yellow tongue coating, and wiry hard and powerful pulse. This formula was found to be used in combination with other formulas, such as Gualou Xiebai Decoction, Wendan Decoction, Zhizhu Pills, Juzhijiang Decoction, Suanzaoren Decoction, and Banxia Baizhu Tianma Decoction.

Pediatric Classic Prescription Xiaoruwan Based on Ancient Literature / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Xiaoruwan is one of the classic prescriptions included in the Catalogue of Ancient Classic Prescriptions （the Second Batch of Pediatrics） published by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine（TCM） in 2022 with definite clinical efficacy， but it has not been converted into Chinese patent medicine preparations. The authors collected 173 pieces of data based on ancient literature on Xiaoruwan by the method of bibliometrics and selected 99 pieces of effective data， involving 46 ancient books of TCM. The study analyzed the historical development origin， prescription names， formulation rules， dosage， drug origin， preparation method and usage， indications and functions， and other aspects of Xiaoruwan. The results showed that Xiaoruwan was presumably derived from Ying Hai Miao Jue Lun（《婴孩妙诀论》） written by TANG Minwang， a doctor in the Song Dynasty. In the records of ancient medical books， there are names such as Xiaoshiwan，Yangshi Xiaoruwan， and Kuaige Xiaoshiwan， but they are mainly recorded in the name of Xiaoruwan. The prescription was composed of Cyperi Rhizoma， Amomi Fructus， Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium， Massa Medicata Fermentata， Hordei Fructus Germinatus， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. In terms of processing method， Cyperi Rhizoma， Massa Medicata Fermentata， and Hordei Fructus Germinatus are fried， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma is processed， and raw materials of Amomi Fructus and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium are used directly. In terms of function， it is effective in warming the middle， improving digestion， stopping vomiting， and digesting milk and food. The main indications include vomiting， diarrhea， night crying， and other diseases caused by milk and food stagnation. The dosage of the most used prescription in the records of ancient books is Cyperi Rhizoma 41.30 g， Amomi Fructus 20.65 g， Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium 20.65 g， Massa Medicata Fermentata 20.65 g， Hordei Fructus Germinatus 20.65 g， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 20.65 g， which are prepared into pills. In the taking method， it is recommended to take it with warm boiled water or ginger soup after meals. The study summarized the historical evolution of Xiaoruwan and identified the key information， with a view to providing a reference for the modern development and research of Xiaoruwan.

Historical Evolution and Modern Clinical Application of Shengyang Yiweitang / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Shengyang Yiweitang is one of the first 100 classical prescriptions published by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine. It originated from the Clarifying Doubts about Damage from Internal and External Causes by physician LI Dongyuan of Jin dynasty， and is composed of Astragali Radix， Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma， Poria， Pinelliae Rhizoma， Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium， Angelicae Pubescentis Radix， Saposhnikoviae Radix， Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix， Bupleuri Radix， Paeoniae Radix Alba， Alismatis Rhizoma， and Coptidis Rhizoma. With the effects of replenishing Qi， promoting Yang， clearing heat and removing dampness， Shengyang Yiweitang is used to treat spleen-stomach weakness and dampness-heat accumulation syndrome. Using bibliometrics， the authors systematically sorted out the source，composition， dosage， preparation， efficacy， indications， principle of composition， origin and processing of drugs，and modern clinical application of the prescription， and explored its history and key information. Additionally， it was found that Shengyang Yiweitang was widely used in modern clinical practice and was suitable for multisystem diseases， of which digestive system （264） was the most common， accounting for 41.71%， followed by urogenital system （57， 9.00%） and nervous system （48， 7.58%）. Although the treatment scope was wide， the pathogenesis of the diseases in traditional Chinese medicine belongs to "spleen-stomach weakness"， which fully reflected Li's academic thought of "internal injury of spleen and stomach leads to various diseases". The key information of Shengyang Yiweitang was determined by summarizing the relevant ancient books and modern literature， so as to provide accurate reference for its rational clinical application and further research and development.

Historical Evolution and Modern Clinical Application of Shengyang Yiweitang / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Shengyang Yiweitang is one of the first 100 classical prescriptions published by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine. It originated from the Clarifying Doubts about Damage from Internal and External Causes by physician LI Dongyuan of Jin dynasty， and is composed of Astragali Radix， Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma， Poria， Pinelliae Rhizoma， Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium， Angelicae Pubescentis Radix， Saposhnikoviae Radix， Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix， Bupleuri Radix， Paeoniae Radix Alba， Alismatis Rhizoma， and Coptidis Rhizoma. With the effects of replenishing Qi， promoting Yang， clearing heat and removing dampness， Shengyang Yiweitang is used to treat spleen-stomach weakness and dampness-heat accumulation syndrome. Using bibliometrics， the authors systematically sorted out the source，composition， dosage， preparation， efficacy， indications， principle of composition， origin and processing of drugs，and modern clinical application of the prescription， and explored its history and key information. Additionally， it was found that Shengyang Yiweitang was widely used in modern clinical practice and was suitable for multisystem diseases， of which digestive system （264） was the most common， accounting for 41.71%， followed by urogenital system （57， 9.00%） and nervous system （48， 7.58%）. Although the treatment scope was wide， the pathogenesis of the diseases in traditional Chinese medicine belongs to "spleen-stomach weakness"， which fully reflected Li's academic thought of "internal injury of spleen and stomach leads to various diseases". The key information of Shengyang Yiweitang was determined by summarizing the relevant ancient books and modern literature， so as to provide accurate reference for its rational clinical application and further research and development.

Identification of chemical constituents of Xiaochengqi Decoction by UPLC-Q-TOF/Fast DDA combined with UNIFI software / 中国中药杂志

Based on the combination of ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF) and Waters UNIFI software, the chemical constituents of the classic prescription Xiaochengqi Decoction were qualitatively analyzed and identified. The UPLC conditions are as follows: Acquity HSS T3 reverse phase column(2.1 mm ×100 mm, 1.8 μm), column temperature of 30 ℃, mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution(A)-acetonitrile(B), and flow rate of 0.3 mL·min~(-1). High-resolution MS data of Xiaochengqi Decoction were collected in ESI~(+/-) modes by Fast DDA. The structures of the chemical constituents were tentatively characterized or identified by UNIFI software according to the retention time of reference standards and characteristic fragment ions in MS profile, and literature data. A total of 233 components in Xiaochengqi Decoction were identified, with 93 from wine-processed Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, 104 from bran-processed Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, and 36 from ginger-processed Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex. These 233 components included anthraquinones, flavonoids, lignans, alkaloids, coumarins, and phenylethanoid glycosides. The result provided experimental evidence for the further study on establishment of quality standard and product development of the formula.

Analysis of chemical constituents in classical prescription Danggui Buxue Decoction based on RP-Q-TOF-MS and HILIC-Q-TOF-MS / 中国中药杂志

The chemical constituents of classical prescription Danggui Buxue Decoction were analyzed by reversed-phase(RP) chromatography and hydrophilic interaction chromatography(HILIC) coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RP separation of Danggui Buxue Decoction was performed on ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.8 μm), while HILIC separation was on Waters BEH Amide(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm). Mass spectrometry(MS) data were acquired in both negative and positive ion modes. Chemical constituents of Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix were searched from Reaxys and thus the in-house library was established. MS data were further analyzed by MassLynx 4.1 combined with in-house library, HMDB, Reaxys, and comparison with reference substances. In conclusion, a total of 154 compounds were identified and characterized: 16 saponins, 44 flavonoids, 10 phthalides, 7 phenylpropanoids, 15 bases and the corresponding nucleosides, 30 oligosaccharides, and 32 other compounds. Among them, 65 compounds were detected by HILIC-MS/MS. This study provides experimental evidences for the material basis research, quality control, and preparation development of Danggui Buxue Decoction and a reference method for comprehensive characterization of Chinese medicine decoctions typified by classical prescriptions.

Quality value transfer of material benchmark of Guizhi Jia Gegen Decoction / 中国中药杂志

A total of 15 batches of the substance reference of Guizhi Jia Gegen Decoction(GZGGD) were prepared and the characteristic fingerprints of them were established. Furthermore, the similarity of the fingerprints and peak attributes were explored. The extraction rate, and the content and the transfer rate ranges of the index components, puerarin, paeoniflorin, liquiritin, and ammonium glycyrrhizate were determined for the analysis of the quality value transfer. The result demonstrated that the fingerprints of the 15 batches of the samples showed high similarity(>0.99). A total of 15 characteristic peaks were identified from the fingerprints, with 10 for Puerariae Lobatae Radix, 1 for Cinnamomi Ramulus, 2 for Paeoniae Radix Alba, and 2 for Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. The content of puerarin was 11.05-18.35 mg·g~(-1) and the average transfer rate was 21.27%-39.49%. The corresponding figures were 7.95-10.90 mg·g~(-1) and 23.28%-43.23% for paeoniflorin, 3.25-4.95 mg·g~(-1) and 32.31%-61.27% for ammonium glycyrrhizate, and 3.65-5.80 mg·g~(-1) and 14.57%-27.05% for liquiritin. The extraction rate of the 15 batches of samples was in the range of 16.85%-21.78%. In this paper, the quality value transfer of the substance reference of GZGGD was analyzed based on characteristic fingerprint, content of index components, and the extraction rate. This study is expected to lay a basis for the quality control and further development of GZGGD.

Chemical analysis of classical prescription Qianghuo Shengshi Standard Decoction by UHPLC-Q Exactive Orbitrap MS / 中国中药杂志

A UHPLC-Q Exactive Orbitrap MS method was used to analyze the chemical constituents of the classical prescription Qianghuo Shengshi Standard Decoction(QHSS). UHPL conditions were as follows: Waters~(TM) UPLC~(TM) HSS T3 C_(18) column(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm) and mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution. Mass spectrometry data of QHSS, each herb extract, and negative sample were collected in both positive and negative ion modes. The chemical constituents of QHSS were identified or tentatively identified based on the accurate molecular weight, retention time, MS fragmentation, comparison with reference substances, and literature reports. A total of 141 compounds were identified, including 18 amino acids, oligosaccharides, oligopeptides, and their derivatives, 19 phenolic acids, 44 coumarins, 18 flavonoids and chromones, 13 saponins, 17 phthalides, and 12 other components. This study comprehensively characterized the chemical constituents of QHSS, laying an experimental basis for the in-depth research on the material basis and quality control of QHSS.

UPLC fingerprint and determination of five components of substance benchmark of classical prescription Shentong Zhuyu Decoction / 中国中药杂志

Fingerprints of 18 batches of substance benchmark of Shentong Zhuyu Decoction(SZD) were established by UPLC under the following conditions: Waters Sun Fire C_(18) column(3.0 mm×150 mm, 3.5 μm), column temperature of 35 ℃, gradient elution with mobile phase of acetonitrile(A)-0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution(B) at the flow rate of 0.4 mL·min~(-1), and detection by wavelength switching. A total of 16 common peaks were identified. The similarities among the fingerprints were calculated by Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2012 Edition) and the result showed they were in the range of 0.911-0.988. Based on the 16 common peaks, cluster analysis(CA), principal component analysis(PCA), and partial least square discriminant analysis(PLS-DA) all categorized the 18 batches of samples into two groups(S1, S2, S5-S8, S14, and S17 in one group, and S1, S2, S5-S8, S14, and S17 in another), and 11 most influential components were screened. Five known components with great difference among samples(hydroxysafflor yellow A, ferulic acid, benzoic acid, ecdysone, and ammonium glycyrrhizinate) were determined. The combination of multi-component content determination and fingerprints can reflect the overall cha-racteristics of the primary standards of SZD, which is simple, feasible, reproducible, and stable. This study can serve as a reference for the quality control of the primary standards of SZD.

Quality value transmitting of substance benchmarks in Danggui Buxue Decoction / 中国中药杂志

To clarify the key quality attributes of substance benchmarks in Danggui Buxue Decoction(DBD), this study prepared 21 batches of DBD substance benchmarks, and established two methods for detecting their fingerprints, followed by the identification of peak attribution and similarity range as well as the determination of extract and transfer rate ranges and contents of index components ferulic acid, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, and astragaloside Ⅳ. The mass fractions and transfer rates of DBD substance benchmarks from different batches were calculated as follows: ferulic acid(index component in Angelicae Sinensis Radix): 0.037%-0.084% and 31.41%-98.88%; astragaloside Ⅳ(index component in Astragali Radix): 0.021%-0.059% and 32.18%-118.57%; calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside: 0.002%-0.023% and 11.51%-45.65%, with the extract rate being 18.4%-36.1%. The similarity of fingerprints among 21 batches of DBD substance benchmarks was all higher than 0.9. The quality control method for DBD substance benchmarks was preliminarily established based on the HPLC fingerprint analysis and index component determination, which has provided a basis for the subsequent development of DBD and the quality control of novel related preparations.

Quality value transfer of substance benchmarks in Huanglian Decoction / 中国中药杂志

Following the preparation of substance benchmarks in Huanglian Decoction from 18 batches, the method for detecting their characteristic spectra was established to identify the similarity range and peak attribution. The content and transfer rate ranges of the index components coptisine, palmatine, berberine, liquiritin, glycyrrhizic acid, 6-gingerol, and cinnamaldehyde and the extraction amount were combined for analyzing the quality value transfer from the Chinese medicinal pieces to substance benchmarks and clarifying the key quality attributes of substance benchmarks in Huanglian Decoction. The results showed that the substance benchmarks in Huang-lian Decoction of 18 batches exhibited good similarity in characteristic spectra(all greater than 0.98). There were 17 characteristic peaks identified in the substance benchmarks of Huanglian Decoction, including 10 from Coptidis Rhizoma, 3 from Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma Praeparata Cum Melle(processed with water), 1 from Zingiberis Rhizoma, and 3 from Cinnamomi Ramulus. The contents and average transfer rates of the index components were listed as follows: coptisine 2.20-6.46 mg·g~(-1) and 18.50%±2.93%; palmatine 3.03-8.13 mg·g~(-1) and 26.56%±4.69%; berberine 7.71-22.29 mg·g~(-1) and 17.34%±3.00%; liquiritin 0.88-2.18 mg·g~(-1) and 9.88%±4.88%; glycyrrhizic acid 1.83-4.44 mg·g~(-1) and 8.50%±3.72%; 6-gingerol 0.56-1.43 mg·g~(-1) and 11.36%±2.37%; cinnamaldehyde 1.55-3.48 mg·g~(-1) and 19.02%±4.36%. The extraction amount of the substance benchmarks from the 18 batches was controlled at 10.65%-13.88%. In this paper, the quality value transfer of substance benchmarks in Huanglian Decoction was analyzed based on the characteristic spectra, the index component contents and the extraction amount, which has provided a basis for the subsequent development of Huanglian Decoction and the quality control of its related preparations.

Quality value transmitting of substance benchmarks of Zhuru Decoction / 中国中药杂志

A total of 18 batches of Zhuru Decoction samples were prepared. Chromatographic fingerprints were established for Zhuru Decoction and single decoction pieces, the content of which was then determined. The extraction rate ranges, content, and transfer rate ranges of puerarin, liquiritin, and glycyrrhizic acid, together with the common peaks and the similarity range of the fingerprints, were determined to clarify key quality attributes of Zhuru Decoction. The 18 batches of Zhuru Decoction samples had 25 common peaks and the fingerprint similarity higher than 0.95. Puerariae Lobatae Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, and Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens had 21, 3, and 1 characteristic peaks, respectively. The 18 batches of samples showed the extraction rates within the range of 18.45%-25.29%. Puerarin had the content of 2.20%-3.07% and the transfer rate of 38.5%-45.9%; liquiritin had the content of 0.24%-0.85% and the transfer rate of 15.9%-37.5%; glycyrrhizic acid had the content of 0.39%-1.87% and the transfer rate of 16.2%-32.8%. In this paper, the quality value transmitting of substance benchmarks of Zhuru Decoction was analyzed based on chromatographic fingerprints, extraction rate, and the content of index components. A scientific and stable method was preliminarily established, which provided a scientific basis for the quality control and formulation development of Zhuru Decoction.

Based on weak bond chemistry, the interaction mechanism between glycyrrhiza protein and berberine in water decocting process of Rhizoma Coptidis and Liquorice was investigated / 药学学报

The purpose of this study was to explore the interaction mechanism between glycyrrhiza protein and berberine in the decocting process of Rhizoma Coptidis and Liquorice and its effect on the pharmacodynamic effect. In this experiment, licorice crude protein was obtained from licorice decoction pieces, and it was found that licorice crude protein and berberine could form spherical supramolecular particles after decocting together. Morphological characterization was carried out by using Malvin particle size analyzer and emission scanning electron microscopy, and the supramolecular particles were observed to be nanoscale, which was significantly different from the morphology of licorice protein and berberine. The results of ultraviolet, infrared and fluorescence spectroscopy showed that the mechanism of molecular interaction was induced by weak bonds such as electrostatic attraction and hydrophobic interaction. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of berberine was significantly affected by the supramolecular particles of licorice protein-berberine, which were significantly different from the mechanical mixture. This study reveals the pharmacological value of macromolecular substances such as proteins in the decoction of licorice and Coptis chinensis from a new perspective, which is helpful to promote the secondary development of clinical effective prescriptions, especially the research on the pharmacological substance basis of classic famous prescriptions.

Textual research on classical prescriptions in Mongolian medicine / 中国中药杂志

Mongolians have a long history of using prescriptions, which can be classified into four stages as follows: the germination and experience accumulation stage before the 13 th century, the theoretical formation stage from the 13 th to 16 th century, the rapid development stage from the 17 th to 20 th century, and the leaping development stage from the mid-20 th century to the present. The prescriptions from the ancient classical or representative medical books have always been used by Mongolian physicians for generations, and they are still in use due to the definite curative effects. In 2008, the Notice on Issuing the Supplementary Provisions to the Registration and Management of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) described that China has attached more importance to the excavation and development of classical prescriptions. As stipulated in the Law of the People's Republic of China on Traditional Chinese Medicine, the classical prescriptions should be those available in ancient TCM classics and still in wide use, with exact curative effects, distinct features, and obvious advantages. This paper expounded the historical formation and development of classical prescriptions in Mongo-lian medicine, introduced the five most influential ancient medical books revealing the formation and development of these classic prescriptions, and traced the origin of such classical prescriptions as Wenguanmu Siwei Decoction, Shouzhangshen Bawei Decoction, Jianghuang Siwei Decoction and summarized the origin, development history and characteristics of classical prescriptions in Mongolian medicine, aiming to provide a reference for their further research and development.

Textual Research of Classical Prescription Taohong Siwutang / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Taohong Siwutang， originating from Fuke Bingjian by CHAI Dehua in the Qing Dynasty， has been included in the first batch of the 100 classical prescriptions published by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine（TCM）. Taohong Siwutang is composed of six Chinese medicinals， namely the wine-washed Angelicae Sinensis Radix， wine-washed Rehmanniae Recens Radix， wine-washed Carthami Flos， wine-processed Paeoniae Alba Radix， Persicae Semen undergoing peel-off process in hot water， and Chuanxiong Rhizoma， possessing the effects of nourishing blood， promoting blood circulation， and removing blood stasis， and it is mainly applicable to patients with blood deficiency and stasis syndrome. The textual research on the key information of classical prescriptions and the summarization of their ancient and modern applications are conducive to learning about the research status and confirming the subsequent research direction， thus better guiding the preparation of substance benchmarks and the in-depth exploration of preparations. By exploring the sources and historic evolution of Taohong Siwutang and each Chinese medicinal， this paper uncovered the prescription composition， origin of each Chinese medicinal， processing method， and prescription dose. The review of its clinical applications showed that the application scope in modern times has been extended and expanded in contrast to that recorded in ancient books. As revealed by the clinical application literature， it has been mainly employed for treating gynecological diseases such as dysmenorrhea and irregular menstruation， orthopedic diseases like fracture， dermatological diseases such as chloasma， and internal diseases such as coronary heart disease， all of which were differentiated into the blood deficiency and stasis syndrome. It could be seen that Taohong Siwutang had great clinical application value. This review of the ancient and modern literature concerned with Taohong Siwutang and the analysis and determination of its key information are expected to provide a reference for the rational clinical application and further research of Taohong Siwutang.